Internet of things - Wikipedia. Drawing representing the Internet of things (Io. T). The Internet of things (Io. T) is the network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances, and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity which enable these objects to connect and exchange data.[1][2][3] Each thing is uniquely identifiable through its embedded computing system but is able to inter- operate within the existing Internet infrastructure. Experts estimate that the Io. T will consist of about 3.

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The Io. T allows objects to be sensed or controlled remotely across existing network infrastructure,[5] creating opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer- based systems, and resulting in improved efficiency, accuracy and economic benefit in addition to reduced human intervention.[6][7][8][9] When Io. T is augmented with sensors and actuators, the technology becomes an instance of the more general class of cyber- physical systems, which also encompasses technologies such as smart grids, virtual power plants, smart homes, intelligent transportation and smart cities."Things", in the Io. T sense, can refer to a wide variety of devices such as heart monitoring implants, biochip transponders on farm animals, cameras streaming live feeds of wild animals in coastal waters,[1. DNA analysis devices for environmental/food/pathogen monitoring,[1. Legal scholars suggest regarding "things" as an "inextricable mixture of hardware, software, data and service".[1. These devices collect useful data with the help of various existing technologies and then autonomously flow the data between other devices.[1.

The quick expansion of Internet- connected objects is also expected to generate large amounts of data from diverse locations, with the consequent necessity for quick aggregation of the data, and an increase in the need to index, store, and process such data more effectively. Watch Forbidden Fruit Megavideo. In recent years with the massive growth in global cyber threat, there has been a significant rise in exploitation of Io. T technologies for committing cyber terror crimes.[1. The term "the Internet of things" was coined by Kevin Ashton of Procter & Gamble, later MIT's Auto- ID Center, in 1. Watch Fred Claus Online Mic on this page. History[edit]As of 2. Internet of things has evolved due to a convergence of multiple technologies, including ubiquitous wireless communication, real- time analytics, machine learning, commodity sensors, and embedded systems.[1. This means that the traditional fields of embedded systems, wireless sensor networks, control systems, automation (including home and building automation), and others all contribute to enabling the Internet of things.[1.

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The concept of a network of smart devices was discussed as early as 1. Coke machine at Carnegie Mellon University becoming the first Internet- connected appliance,[1. Mark Weiser's seminal 1. The Computer of the 2. Century", as well as academic venues such as Ubi. Comp and Per. Com produced the contemporary vision of Io. T.[2. 0][2. 1] In 1.

Reza Raji described the concept in IEEE Spectrum as "[moving] small packets of data to a large set of nodes, so as to integrate and automate everything from home appliances to entire factories".[2. Between 1. 99. 3 and 1. Microsoft's at Work or Novell's NEST. However, only in 1.

Bill Joy envisioned Device to Device (D2. D) communication as part of his "Six Webs" framework, presented at the World Economic Forum at Davos in 1. The concept of the Internet of things became popular in 1. Auto- ID Center at MIT and related market- analysis publications.[2. Radio- frequency identification (RFID) was seen by Kevin Ashton (one of the founders of the original Auto- ID Center) as a prerequisite for the Internet of things at that point.[2.

Ashton prefers the phrase "Internet for things."[2. If all objects and people in daily life were equipped with identifiers, computers could manage and inventory them.[2.

Besides using RFID, the tagging of things may be achieved through such technologies as near field communication, barcodes, QR codes and digital watermarking.[3. In its original interpretation,[when?] one of the first consequences of implementing the Internet of things by equipping all objects in the world with minuscule identifying devices or machine- readable identifiers would be to transform daily life.[3. For instance, instant and ceaseless inventory control would become ubiquitous.[3. A person's ability to interact with objects could be altered remotely based on immediate or present needs, in accordance with existing end- user agreements.[2. For example, such technology could grant motion- picture publishers much more control over end- user private devices by remotely enforcing copyright restrictions and digital rights management, so the ability of a customer who bought a Blu- ray disc to watch the movie could become dependent on the copyright holder's decision, similar to Circuit City's failed DIVX.[citation needed]A significant transformation is to extend "things" from the data generated from devices to objects in the physical space. More Than A Game Full Movie. The thought- model for future interconnection environment was proposed in 2.

The model includes the notion of the ternary universe consists of the physical world, virtual world and mental world and a multi- level reference architecture with the nature and devices at the bottom level followed by the level of the Internet, sensor network, and mobile network, and intelligent human- machine communities at the top level, which supports geographically dispersed users to cooperatively accomplish tasks and solve problems by using the network to actively promote the flow of material, energy, techniques, information, knowledge, and services in this environment.[3. This thought model envisioned the development trend of the Internet of things. Applications[edit]. A Nest learning thermostat reporting on energy usage and local weather. The applications for internet connected devices are extensive. Multiple categorizations have been suggested, most of which agree on a separation between consumer, enterprise (business), and infrastructure applications.[3. George Osborne, the former British Chancellor of the Exchequer, posited that the Internet of things is the next stage of the information revolution and referenced the inter- connectivity of everything from urban transport to medical devices to household appliances.[3.

The ability to network embedded devices with limited CPU, memory and power resources means that Io. T finds applications in nearly every field.[3.

Such systems could be in charge of collecting information in settings ranging from natural ecosystems to buildings and factories,[4. Intelligent shopping systems, for example, could monitor specific users' purchasing habits in a store by tracking their specific mobile phones. These users could then be provided with special offers on their favorite products, or even location of items that they need, which their fridge has automatically conveyed to the phone.[4.

Additional examples of sensing and actuating are reflected in applications that deal with heat, water, electricity and energy management, as well as cruise- assisting transportation systems.[4. Other applications that the Internet of things can provide is enabling extended home security features and home automation.[4.